列支敦士登法律规定,有三种不同的最终剥夺财产的概念:㈠剥夺得利(《刑 法》第 20 条);㈡没收(《刑法》第 20b 条);及㈢预防式工具没收(《刑 法》第 26 条)。依据《刑法》第 20 条,当事人被判处支付等同于不法得利的一笔款项。《刑法》第 20 条规定,可以没收从其他人的犯罪行为中不法获利的 任何人(包括法人)所获得的得益价值。通过所谓的“净额原则”(扣除后原 则)测量得利程度,这意味着要扣除为得益所花费的开支。根据《刑法》第 20b 条,应宣布没收犯罪组织(第 278a 条)或恐怖组织(第 278b 条)支配的资产或作为恐怖主义融资手段提供或收集的资产。涉及洗钱的 资产也应被没收(《刑法》第 20b(2)(1)条)。 列支敦士登还采用基于财产的没收模式来没收工具。然而,只有当工具危及人 身安全、道德或公共秩序时,才会被没收(《刑法》第 26 条)。 可以通过司法命令(《刑事诉讼法》第 96 条)扣押被没收的证据和实物(《刑 法》第 26 条)。可根据《刑事诉讼法》第 97a 条,冻结根据《刑法》第 20 条被 剥夺的或根据《刑法》第 20b 条被没收的得益资产,直到作出最终司法判决。 《刑事诉讼法》第 253 和 253a 条载有关于资产没收流程和被没收资产管理办法 的法律规定。 资产混合并不妨碍依据《刑法》第 20 条剥夺得利。如果无法确定或只有付出巨大努力才能确定得利金额,法院可以行使自由裁量权,指定将被剥夺的金额。依据《刑法》第 20(2)和 20(3)条,当资产与继续进行的犯罪活动或犯罪组织的 成员有关,并且无法证明好处的合法来源时,允许剥夺资产。《刑法》第 20(4) 条规定,只有在第三方直接、不正当得利的情况下,才可剥夺第三方的得利。
Under Liechtenstein law, there are three different concepts of final deprivation of property: (i) deprivation of enrichment (§ 20 CC); (ii) forfeiture (§ 20b CC); and (iii) preventive confiscation of instrumentalities (§ 26 CC). According to § 20 CC, the person concerned is sentenced to payment of an amount of money equal to the wrongful enrichment. § 20 CC provides for the possibility of confiscating the value of the gains from any person (including legal persons) who illegally profits from a criminal act of another person. The extent of the enrichment is measured by the so-called “Netto-Prinzip” (after-deduction principle), which means that the expenditures for gaining the proceeds are deducted. According to § 20b CC, assets at the disposal of a criminal organization (§ 278a) or a terrorist group (§ 278b) or that have been made available or collected as a means of terrorist financing (§ 278d) shall be declared forfeited. Assets are also subject to forfeiture if they are involved in money-laundering (§ 20b (2)(1) CC). Liechtenstein has also adopted a property-based confiscation model for confiscating instrumentalities. However, instrumentalities will be confiscated only if they endanger the safety of persons, morality or the public order (§ 26 CC). Evidence and objects subject to confiscation (§ 26 CC) may be seized by judicial order (§ 96 CPC). Assets subject to deprivation of enrichment under § 20 CC or to forfeiture under § 20b CC may be frozen pursuant to § 97a CPC until a final judicial decision has been made. There are legislative provisions for the process of asset forfeiture and the management of confiscated assets in §§ 253 and 253a CPC. Intermingling of assets does not prevent deprivation of enrichment pursuant to article 20 CC. If the amount of enrichment cannot be determined or only with disproportionate effort, the court may specify the amount to be deprived at its discretion. § 20(2) and (3) CC allow deprivation of assets where there is a connection with continued criminal activity or with membership in a criminal organization and the lawful origin of the advantage cannot be demonstrated. § 20(4) CC provides for deprivation of enrichment of a third party only if that person has been enriched directly and unjustly.