没收已定罪者拥有的财产,应根据《刑法典》第 51 条和特殊部分条款执行。至 于《刑法典》中与腐败有关的罪行,通过犯罪手段所得财产或使用通过犯罪手 段所得资源获得的财产,以及已定罪者转给他人所有的财产,应予没收。然而,关于腐败犯罪的部分并没有涵盖《公约》规定的所有罪行。《刑法典》没有明确规定应没收腐败犯罪的收入或财产收益。 《刑事诉讼法典》第 121 条允许依照程序没收通过犯罪手段获得的、用于或预 定用于犯罪的财产,包括金钱和其他资产。 《刑法典》并没有明确规定应没收已经转换或转化为其他财产的腐败犯罪财产/ 收益(间接没收),也没有规定应没收应予没收财产的同等货币价值。 对善意获得应予没收财产的第三人的利益的保护并没有作出明确规定。 新版的《刑法典》(自 2018 年 1 月 1 日生效)第 48 条成功解决了上述缺陷,它 引入了这样的规定:如果嫌疑人或被告人是某一国际逮捕证的对象或者如果针 对他们的刑事诉讼程序由于大赦、超过诉讼时效或死亡而终止,那么有待法院 判决的财产应予没收。 《刑事诉讼法典》第 161、162、163 和 164 条规定了财产的扣押事宜,关于扣 押财产的决定应由调查法官根据检察官的请求作出(先前的《刑事诉讼法典》 第 161 条)。 被扣押财产的管理应依据关于实质性证据的没收、登记、储存、转移和销毁的 《说明》以及刑事案件、民事案件和行政犯罪案件中由法院或负责起诉、初步 侦查、调查、法庭讯问的代理机构制作的文件,还应依据关于国家基于特定理由拨付(应拨付)财产的登记、储存、评价和进一步使用方面某些问题的政府令。
The confiscation of property that is in the ownership of a convicted person is governed by article 51 and articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code. For offences pertaining in the Criminal Code to corruption, property acquired through criminal means or obtained using resources acquired through criminal means and property transferred to the ownership of other persons by the convicted person, is subject to confiscation. However, the section on corruption offences does not cover all offences provided for in the Convention. The Criminal Code does not clearly provide for the confiscation of income or proceeds from property derived from corruption offences. Article 121 of the Code of Criminal Procedure allows procedural confiscation of property used in or destined for use in offences, including money and other assets, obtained by criminal means. The Criminal Code does not clearly provide for the confiscation of property/proceeds of corruption offences which have been converted or transformed into other property (indirect confiscation), or for the confiscation of the equivalent monetary value of the property liable to confiscation. The protection of the interests of third persons who obtained, in good faith, property liable to confiscation is not clearly regulated. The above-mentioned shortcomings are successfully dealt with in article 48 of the new version of the Criminal Code (in force as of 1 January 2018), which introduces the confiscation of property pending conviction by a court, if the suspect or the accused is the subject of an international arrest warrant or if criminal proceedings against them are terminated as a result of an amnesty, the expiration of a statute of limitations or in the event of death. Articles 161, 162, 163 and 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure govern the seizure of property, decisions on which are taken by the investigating judge at the request of the prosecutor (article 161 of the previous Code of Criminal Procedure). The administration of seized property is regulated by the Instruction on the procedure for the confiscation, registration, storage, transfer and destruction of material evidence and documents in criminal cases, civil cases and cases of administrative offences by the court or by the agencies in charge of prosecutions, preliminary investigations, inquiries and forensic inquiries, and by the Government Decree on certain issues regarding the registration, storage, evaluation and further use of property appropriated (liable to appropriation) by the State on specific grounds.