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危地马拉第31条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-5 16:23:14 人气:8 评论:0

   危地马拉将没收既作为一种刑事制裁手段(《刑事诉讼法》第 60 条、《诉讼程序 法》第 198 条以及《打击清洗黑钱和其他资产法》第 8 条),也作为终止所有权 手段,后者具有司法和真实性质,适用于《公约》确立的大多数但并非所有罪 行(《终止所有权法》)。没收适用于犯罪所得和所使用的工具,但不适用于拟用 于犯罪的工具;终止所有权适用于所有犯罪所得和工具。 《终止所有权法》第 22 条、《刑事诉讼法》第 198、200 和 278 条以及《有组织 犯罪法》第 73 至 87 条对预防措施作了规定。 没收资产管理国家秘书处管理着扣押财产和所有权遭到终止的财产。通过刑事 诉讼扣押的财产由司法征用仓库保管,没收的财产放入司法基金。 对于已转变或转化成其他财产的犯罪所得,或与合法来源财产相混合的犯罪所 得,都可终止所有权(《终止所有权法》第 4 条),但不可刑事没收。上述规定 同样适用于来自犯罪所得或此类所得转变或转化而成的财产,或此类所得与之混合的财产的收入或其他好处。 《刑事诉讼法》第 198条以及 308条允许在法律授权的情况下扣押银行文件原本。危地马拉取消了终止所有权的举证责任。(《终止所有权法》第 6 条)。 《终止所有权法》(第 10 条)和《刑法》(第 60 条)规定了保护善意第三方的 权利。

       Guatemala regulates both confiscation as a criminal sanction (arts. 60 of the Criminal Code and 198 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, art. 8 of the Act against the Laundering of Money and Other Assets) and termination of ownership, which is of a jurisdictional and real nature and applies to most, but not all, offences established under the Convention (Termination of Ownership Act). Confiscation applies to proceeds and instrumentalities used in the commission of the offence, but not to those intended to be used; termination of ownership applies to all proceeds and instrumentalities of the offence. Precautionary measures are regulated in article 22 of the Termination of Ownership Act, and in articles 198, 200 and 278 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and 73 to 87 of the Organized Crime Act. The National Secretariat for the Administration of Forfeited Assets administers seized property and property subject to termination of ownership. Property seized through criminal proceedings is put in the custody of the judicial requisitions warehouse, and the confiscated property is placed in a judicial fund. The proceeds of crime which have been transformed or converted into other property, or which have been intermingled with property acquired from legitimate sources, may be subject to termination of ownership (art. 4 of the Termination of Ownership Act), but not to criminal confiscation. The same applies to income or other benefits derived from the proceeds of crime or from property into which such proceeds have been transformed or converted, or the property with which such proceeds have been intermingled. Article 198, together with article 308 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, allows for the seizure of original copies of bank documents with legal authorization. Guatemala reverses the burden of proof for termination of ownership (art. 6 of the Termination of Ownership Act). The Termination of Ownership Act (art. 10) and the Criminal Code (art. 60) provide for protection of the rights of bona fide third parties.

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