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哥斯达黎加第31条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-5 15:20:12 人气:12 评论:0

   《刑法》第 110 条规定可没收犯罪所得和用于犯罪的工具,但未规定可没收拟用于实施腐败犯罪的财产、设备或工具。主管部门报告称已编制了关于所有权终止的法律草案,规定可将没收范围扩大至拟用于实施犯罪的财产、设备或其他工具。 《刑事诉讼法》第 263 和 264 条规定冻结作为一种预防措施,而 2001 年第 8204 号法令第 33 条规定了没收。下述文书对主管机关管理扣押财产问题作出了规 定:《没收或扣押财产分配法》、《打击公职人员腐败和资产非法增加法》实施条 例(第 5 和 53 条),以及第 8204 号法令。主管部门表示,基于《刑法》第 110 条中使用的定义(“由[实施犯罪]所得的物 品或贵重物品”),该条也适用于:部分或者全部由犯罪所得转变或者转化而成的财产;从犯罪所得或由犯罪所得转变或者转化而成的财产中获得的收入或者 其他利益;与合法来源获得的财产相混合的犯罪所得,以及从与犯罪所得相混 合的财产中获得的收入或者其他利益。此外,主管部门表示后两者载列于关于 所有权终止的法令草案中。 根据第 7425 号法令第 2 条,为了查明真相,法官可下令搜查、没收或审查包括银行记录在内的任何私人文件,前提是这些文件可作为证明犯罪行为的必要证据(另见第 7558 号法令第 132(b)条)。 《刑法》第 110 条保护善意获取犯罪所得的第三方。

        Article 110 of the Criminal Code regulates confiscation of the proceeds of crime and instrumentalities used in the commission of the offence, but not of property, equipment or instrumentalities destined for use in the commission of corruption offences. The authorities reported that draft laws on the termination of ownership had been prepared, providing for the possibility of extending confiscation to property, equipment or other instrumentalities destined for use in the commission of offences. Freezing as a precautionary measure is regulated in articles 263 and 264 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and confiscation in article 33 of Act No. 8204 of 2001. The administration by the competent authorities of seized property is regulated by the Act on the Distribution of Confiscated or Seized Property, as well as by the Regulations implementing the Act against Corruption and Illicit Enrichment in Public Service (arts. 5 and 53), and by Act No. 8204. The authorities indicated that, on the basis of the definition used in article 110 of the Criminal Code (“things or items of value derived from [the commission of the offence]”), that article can also be applied to property into which the proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted, in part or in full; to income or other benefits derived from the proceeds of crime or from property into which such proceeds have been transformed or converted; and to proceeds of crime intermingled with property acquired from legitimate sources and income or other benefits derived from property with which proceeds of crime have been intermingled. Furthermore, the authorities indicated that the latter two are covered by the draft act on termination of ownership. Pursuant to article 2 of Act. No. 7425, where essential in order to ascertain the truth, the judge may order a search for and confiscation or examination of any private document, including bank records, provided that it may serve as indispensable evidence that a criminal act has been committed (see also art. 132 (b) of Act No. 7558). Article 110 of the Criminal Code protects third parties who, in good faith, have acquired proceeds of crime.

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