《刑事法》第 129、130 和 133 条以及《加重刑罚法》第 2 条规定了对腐败犯罪 的惩罚。尤其是详细制定了根据贿赂金额计算贿赂制裁办法的方法。大韩民国 澄清说,法官颁布判决时根据的是相关法律规定的惩罚范围,并且会考虑到判 决委员会建议的判决准则。 国会的议员一般不享有刑事诉讼豁免权,不过,未经议会同意不得对他们实施 逮捕或拘留,现行犯除外。不能对代理总统提出刑事诉讼,但是国会可以对其进行弹劾。总统仍然在职期间,可以进行相应的调查,已经有前总统因为腐败 犯罪受到起诉。司法机关人员不享有任何特别豁免权或特权。 韩国法律允许对不起诉处分的审判提出上诉、再上诉和请愿书。举报犯罪的个 人也可以对检察官的不起诉决定提出宪法控诉(《检察厅法》第 10 条、《刑事诉 讼法》第 260 条、《宪法法院法》第 68(1)条)。 如果被告的出席有助于诉讼公平性,则被告出席刑事诉讼任何阶段的权利受到 保障(《刑事诉讼法》第 276 至 277-2 条)。如果被告的出席与他们针对指控进行 辩护的能力有关,被告也有权利出席(《宪法》第 27(1)和(4)条)。《刑事诉讼 法》第 98 至 99 条规定了保释条件。 根据《惩教机构囚犯管理和待遇法》第 121、122 条,根据《刑事法》第 72 条受到惩罚者可予以假释。《国家公务员法》第 73-3、78 和 79 条以及《地方公务员法》第 65-3、69 和 70 条涵盖了被指控腐败的公职人员的调动、免职和暂停职务程序。 根据《国家公务员法》第 69、33 条、《地方公务员法》第 61、31 条及《反腐败 及设立和运行反腐败与公民权利委员会法》第 83、82 条,可以剥夺被判犯有腐败罪的公职人员在营利组织就业的资格。在所有涉及公职人员的案件里,都可 以同时进行纪律处分和诉讼程序。
Articles 129, 130 and 133 of the Criminal Act and Article 2 of the Act of Aggravated Punishments prescribe punishments for corruption offences. Notably, there is an elaborate method of calculating the sanctions for bribery based on the amount of bribe. The Republic of Korea clarified that judges issue sentences according to the scope of punishment prescribed in relevant laws and in consideration of the Sentencing Guidelines suggested by the Sentencing Committee. Members of the National Assembly generally do not enjoy immunity from criminal prosecution, although they cannot be arrested or detained without the consent of the Assembly, except in cases of flagrante delicto. An acting President cannot be criminally prosecuted, but can be impeached by the National Assembly. Corresponding investigations can be conducted while the President is still in office, and former Presidents have been prosecuted for corruption offences. No special immunities or privileges apply to members of the judiciary. Korean law allows appeals, re-appeals and petitions for adjudication of non-prosecution dispositions. Persons who report a crime can also file a constitutional complaint against a prosecutor’s decision not to prosecute (Article 10 of the Prosecutors’ Office Act, Article 260 of the Criminal Procedure Act, Article 68(1) of the Constitutional Court Act). Defendants are guaranteed the right to be present at any stage of the criminal proceeding if their presence would contribute to the fairness of the procedure (Articles 276-277-2 of the Criminal Procedure Act). Defendants also have a right to be present when their presence is relevant to their ability to defend against the charges (Article 27(1) and (4) of the Constitution). Conditions for release on bail are established in Articles 98-99 of the Criminal Procedure Act. Based on Articles 121, 122 of the Administration and Treatment of Correctional Institution Inmates Act, parole can be granted to inmates that underwent punishment in terms of Article 72 of the Criminal Act. Articles 73-3, 78 and 79 of the State Public Officials Act and Articles 65-3, 69, 70 of the Local Public Officials Act cover proceedings for the reassignment, removal and suspension of public officials accused of corruption. Public officials convicted of corruption can be disqualified from employment in a profit-making organization under Articles 69, 33 of the State Public Officials Act, Articles 61, 31 of the Local Public Officials Act, and Articles 83, 82 of the Act on Anti-Corruption and the Establishment and Operation of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission (“ACRC Act”). In all cases involving public officials, both disciplinary actions and prosecution proceedings can be taken simultaneously.