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各国文本对照内容

纳米比亚第30条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-3 18:54:53 人气:22 评论:0

   根据罪行严重性确定与腐败相关的罪行的适用刑罚。对所有与腐败相关的罪行 均处以不同年限的监禁。 除本国总统不能因任职期间的任何行为或失职被刑事指控外(《宪法》第 31 条), 根据《联合国反腐败公约》,任何公职人员均不具有刑事赦免权。 检察长可根据《宪法》条款(第 88(2)条)的规定,自主裁量决定是否提起诉讼 或撤销诉讼。《刑事诉讼法》第 4 条规定,检察长有权在被告服罪前撤销指控, 并随后停止诉讼程序。停止诉讼程序必须取得检察长或任何其他获得授权人员 的书面同意。该国没有诉讼准则,但检察长办公室已向各检察官发布并散发了 有关如何在腐败案件中提出指控的准则。在过去 2 到 3 年中,仅有四个案件被 裁决不提起诉讼,这些案件并不涉及腐败事项,没有人对这些裁决提出异议。 《刑事诉讼法》第 62 条、第 63 条和第 65 条规定了保释条件,以确保被告出席 后续刑事诉讼。 《监狱法》(1998 年)第 97 条以及《惩教法》(2012 年)第 106 条和第 110 条对 早释和假释作了规定。 可根据处分程序,对被告处以撤职、停职或调职等惩罚措施,这些处分可与刑 事程序并举(《公务员法》(1995 年)第 26 条)。 被定罪者没有资格担任国民议会成员(《宪法》第 47 条)或担任公务员(《公务 员法》第 26(12)条和第 26(18)条)。各国有企业的相关条例规定曾经被定罪者没 有资格在国有企业任职。 所有囚犯,即使是在释放前,均可获得康复和福利服务(《刑事诉讼法》第 321 条和第 322(1)条;《监狱法》第 275 条)。 已采取一定措施来保护予以配合的被告(《反腐败法》第 48 条、第 52 条、第 54(4)条;《防止有组织犯罪法》第 9(1)条;《金融情报法》第 45 条)。虽然配合 行为可能会在判刑阶段予以考虑,但是没有法律规定对充分配合罪行侦查或起 诉的被告人减轻处罚。对于在刑事案件中予以配合的人员可免于起诉,并已有 此类案例(但迄今为止未在腐败案件中出现)。纳米比亚当局表示,辩诉交易制 度有助于检察机关更为快速高效地处理案件。

       The applicable penalties for corruption-related offences are determined on the basis of the gravity of the crime. All corruption-related offences are sanctioned with various years of imprisonment. Apart from the President of the country, who cannot be charged criminally for any act or omission during his tenure of office (Article 31, Constitution), no public officials, as defined in the UNCAC, are afforded any criminal immunities. The Prosecutor-General has the discretion to decide whether to proceed with a prosecution or to withdraw it, subject to the provisions of the Constitution (Article 88(2)). Section 4 CPA sets out the Prosecutor-General’s powers to withdraw charges before the accused has pleaded, and to stop proceedings thereafter. A prosecution can only be stopped with the written consent of the Prosecutor-General or any other authorized person. There are no prosecution guidelines, but the Prosecutor General’s office has issued and circulated to prosecutors guidelines setting out the charges in corruption cases. In the last 2-3 years, there have only been four cases of decisions not to prosecute, which did not involve corruption matters, and no complaints were filed against such decisions. Sections 62, 63 and 65, CPA regulate conditions for bail to ensure the presence of the defendant at subsequent criminal proceedings. Section 97, Prison Services Act 1998 and sections 106 and 110, Correctional Services Act of 2012 regulate early release and parole. Disciplinary measures, including the possibility of dismissal, suspension and reassignment of accused persons, may be taken on the basis of disciplinary procedures, which may run in parallel to the criminal process (section 26, Public Service Act 1995 (PSA)). Convicted persons are disqualified from becoming members of the National Assembly (article 47, Constitution) and from the Public Service (sections 26(12) and 26(18), PSA). The disqualification from serving in a State-owned enterprise (SOE) based on a prior conviction is addressed in the relevant legislation of each SOE.Rehabilitation and welfare services are available to all prisoners, even prior to their release (sections 321 and 322(1), CPA; section 275, Prison Services Act). Limited measures to protect cooperating defendants are in place (sections 48, 52, 54(4), ACA; 9(1), POCA; 45, FIA). There are no statutory provisions dealing with the mitigation of punishment of an accused person who provides substantial cooperation in the investigation or prosecution of an offence, although cooperation may be taken into account during sentencing. Immunity from prosecution may be afforded and has been given to cooperators in criminal matters (but not in corruption cases to-date). Namibian authorities indicated that a plea bargaining system could allow the prosecution to more speedily and effectively dispose of cases.

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