新《刑法典》规定,根据罪行的严重程度及以前的定罪情况对腐败罪行做出监 禁判决。在一般情况下,任何被指控罪行都由总检察长启动和开展刑事诉讼程 序,由其接受、审查和推进诉讼程序,并由其斟酌决定在判决前的任何阶段终 止任何刑事诉讼程序(《宪法》第 223(c)和(g)条)。总监察长办公室是独立的, 它根据司法部长办公室可能发布的关于开展刑事诉讼程序的一般性指令开展工 作(《宪法》第 133(g)和 220 条)。 马尔代夫对公职人员不实行刑事豁免。如果议员和法官实施了《公约》确立的 犯罪行为,可以在其就任之前或任期之内对其进行起诉。法律规定,如果总统 和副总统在就任之前或任期之内实施了任何犯罪,都应当追究他们的责任。但 是,就总统而言,人民议会(议会)可能决定将刑事诉讼程序推迟至总统任期 届满之后(《宪法》第 127 条)。根据一项取消豁免的特别程序,可以像其他 类别的公职人员那样,对部长们展开调查和起诉,在司法诉讼过程中没有任何 特别豁免权或特权。 各主管机关指出,最高法院制定了关于审讯或上诉之前获得释放的准则,以使 此项措施与被告因实施根据《公约》确立的罪行而需要确保被告在其后的诉讼 程序中出庭之间取得平衡。根据《监狱法》(第 124(a)和 125(a)条),被定罪者 在服完一半刑期之后可以获得释放。 因为腐败罪行而被定罪的人一般不能担任公职。但是,各项法律的详细规定各 不相同。法律并没有明令禁止被定罪官员之后不能在完全国有或部分国有的企 业中任职。在涉及现役警官和在职公务员滥用职权的案件中曾实施过纪律处分。 《公务员条例》第 28 条规定,可对公务员实施纪律处分,而且对即将开展刑事 诉讼程序的被告,可撤销其职务,或者停职或重新安排职务。马尔代夫没有被 定罪者重新融入社会方案。
The new PC sets forth sentences of imprisonment for corruption offences that consider the gravity of the offence and previous convictions. As a general rule, the Prosecutor-General is to institute and conduct criminal proceedings in respect of any alleged offence, to take over, review and continue proceedings and, at his discretion, to discontinue any criminal proceedings at any stage prior to judgement (art. 223 (c) and (g) of the Constitution). The Office of the Prosecutor-General is independent, subject to general directives on the conduct of criminal proceedings that may be issued by the Office of the Attorney-General (art. 133 (g) and 220 of the Constitution). There are no criminal immunities for public officials in Maldives. Members of Parliament and judges can be prosecuted for offences established under the Convention committed before or during their tenure. The President and Vice-President are accountable by law for any offence committed before or during their respective tenure. However, in the case of the President, the People’s Majlis (Parliament) may decide to defer criminal proceedings until after the expiration of the term of office (art. 127 of the Constitution). Following a special procedure to lift immunities, Ministers can be investigated and prosecuted like other categories of public officials without any special immunities or privileges during the judicial process. The authorities indicated that the Supreme Court has provided guidelines on release pending trial or appeal, balancing this measure with the need to ensure the presence of the defendant at subsequent proceedings for offences established in accordance with the Convention. In accordance with the Prison Act (sects. 124(a) and 125(a)), a convicted person may be released upon parole after serving half of the penalty. Persons convicted of corruption offences are generally disqualified from public office. However, the details vary in the respective laws. There is no specific prohibition preventing a convicted official from subsequently holding a position in an enterprise owned in whole or in part by the State. Disciplinary sanctions have been imposed in cases involving an abuse of function by serving police officers and civil servants. Chapter 28 of the Civil Servants Regulation provides for disciplinary sanctions that can be imposed on civil servants and include the removal, suspension or reassignment of an accused person pending ongoing criminal proceedings. Maldives does not have programmes for the reintegration of convicted persons.