马来西亚立法一般不设定最低处罚,虽然刑事或非刑事制裁的严重程度均顾及 罪行的严重性。根据《宪法》第 145 条,检察官可酌情根据证明具有定罪的合 理可能性的充分证据,进行起诉。马来西亚并未对刑事豁免权做任何规定。 《刑事诉讼法》对给予保释的可能性做了规定。《马来西亚反腐败委员会法》 规定犯罪保释并非一项权利,而由法院酌定。 如果所服刑期已过半且该人参加了改造方案,则可根据《监狱法》第 46 E 条给 予假释。自 2008 年以来,在 5,000 名假释的囚犯中,120 名囚犯被判犯有腐败 罪。在这些假释者中,没有违反假释令的条款和条件或撤销假释令的情况。 公共服务部负责公共服务人力资源政策。根据《1993 年公职人员条例》第 44 条,待审公职人员有可能被停职或调职,但从未实施过这一条款。第 29 和 33 条规定,一经定罪,可视罪行的性质和严重性予以开除、降级,其他处罚或不 予处罚。《宪法》对取消担任议会议员、立法议会成员和法官资格的情况做了 规定。马来西亚没有给予提供配合的嫌疑人豁免权,但按照《马来西亚反腐败委员会 法》第 63 条予以配合的共同被告人的情形除外。然而,检察机关拥有放弃起诉 的酌处权,但并未行使过这一权利。作为一般原则,在对被告量刑时可考虑将 合作作为一个减刑因素。
The Malaysian legislation does not generally establish minimum penalties, although the severity of sanctions, criminal or non-criminal, takes into consideration the gravity of offences. According to section 145 of the Constitution, the Public Prosecutor has discretion to prosecute based on sufficient evidence vis-à-vis a reasonable possibility of conviction. Malaysia does not provide for criminal immunities. The Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) provides for the possibility of granting bail. For MACCA offences bail is not as of right, but at the discretion of the court. Parole can be imposed under section 46 E of the Prison Act if at least half of the term of imprisonment has been served and the person has undergone a rehabilitation programme. 120 of the 5,000 prisoners who have been released on parole since 2008 were convicted of corruption offences. There has been no breach of the terms and conditions or revocation of a parole order among those parolees. The PSD is responsible for public service human resource policy. Pending trial, an interdiction from work or relocation of public servants is possible according to regulation 44 of the Public Officers Regulations 1993, but this has never been executed. Upon conviction, regulations 29 and 33 provide for dismissal, reduction in rank, other or no punishment, depending on the nature and seriousness of the offence. Disqualification of members of Parliament, members of the Legislative Assembly and judges is regulated by the Constitution. Malaysia does not grant immunity to cooperating suspects, except under section 63 of MACCA in the case of cooperating co-defendants. However, the prosecution would have discretion to abstain from a prosecution, though this has not been exercised. As a general principle, cooperation can be taken into consideration as a mitigating factor during sentencing of an accused person.