在马达加斯加,对腐败犯罪的制裁,最轻为罚款,最重为长期监禁。法律中的 一些制裁已不再应用,例如强迫劳动被转化为监禁。 《宪法》第 73 条规定了议员的豁免权以及剥夺豁免权的程序。在解除豁免权 的程序中可以采取侦查步骤。总统也享有豁免权(《宪法》第 131 条)。根据 《刑事诉讼法》第 512 条和第 513 条,治安法官享受程序特权。 起诉并不是强制性的;但是,司法部关于洗钱的通知要求检察官遵循机会原则, 以改善执法的有效性。对于检察官所做的起诉或不起诉的决定可进行司法审查。 马达加斯加《刑事诉讼法》载有有关临时拘留的替代方式(第 342-350 条)和 早释或假释(第 574-578 条)的规定。 按照自由裁量行政决定的惯例,被控犯有腐败罪行的公职人员可能被停职或调 职。将受到指控但没有被判定犯有腐败罪的官员撤职的行为被认为是违反《宪 法》的。 作为附加制裁措施,可以宣布罪犯在至少两年内没有行使公共职能的资格。 (《刑法典》第 180 条、第 180.1 条和第 172 条)。这包括在完全国有或部分国 有的企业中任职。 马达加斯加《公务员章程》规定了一个纪律制度;第四十三条第㈢款阐明纪律 处分与刑事诉讼是彼此独立的。 《监狱系统管理法令》(2005 年)载列了有关既决罪犯重新融入社会的规定。
Sanctions for corruption offences in Madagascar range from fines to long imprisonment. Some sanctions in the law are not applied any more, for example, forced labour is transformed into imprisonment. The immunities of the members of Parliament, as well as the procedures to lift them, are regulated in article 73 of the Constitution. Investigative steps can be taken during the procedure for lifting immunities. The President also enjoys immunity (art. 131 of the Constitution). Magistrates benefit from procedural privileges pursuant to articles 512 and 513 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC). Prosecution is not mandatory; however, a circular of the Ministry of Justice on money-laundering requests prosecutors to exercise the opportunity principle with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of law enforcement. The decision of the prosecutor to prosecute or not can be judicially reviewed. Madagascar’s CPC contains regulations on alternatives to provisional detention (arts. 342-350) and on early release or parole (arts. 574- 578). Public officials accused of corruption can be suspended and reassigned as a matter of practice by a discretionary administrative decision. The removal of an official accused but not convicted of a corruption offence is considered unconstitutional. As an accessory sanction, offenders can be declared ineligible to exercise public functions for a period of at least two years (arts. 180, 180.1 and 172 CP). This includes holding office in an enterprise owned in whole or in part by the State. Madagascar has a disciplinary system regulated by its Civil Service Statute; article 43(3) clarifies that disciplinary and criminal proceedings are independent.The Decree on the Administration of the Penitentiary System (2005) contains provisions on the reintegration into society of convicted offenders.