根据《新刑法》第50章规定,惩罚依据罪行情节轻重,包括监禁和罚款范围加 以决定。 根据《宪法》条款,在公职人员中,法官、议员、总统和副总统均享有职能豁 免。议员犯有重罪可予以逮捕(《宪法》第42条)。至于总统和副总统,在因 贿赂和重罪等遭到弹劾时,可以被免职(《宪法》第62条)。不过,利比里亚 没有提供许多案例说明取消公职人员的豁免以调查、起诉和裁定《公约》所列 罪行的情况。 利比里亚没有立法述及检察官在调查腐败案件中的裁量权和独立性。 《刑事诉讼法》第13章列出了允许任何人在定罪或上诉前提交保释金的措施。 然而,法院在审判或起诉前就释放做出裁决时,在考虑到有必要确保被告出席 随后的刑事诉讼的同时,需要考虑那些要素,利比里亚立法并未提及。 利比里亚《刑事诉讼法》第35.5条述及决定监狱假释释放日期的标准。 根据针对所有公职人员和雇员的《国家行为规范》第15.1条㈦款的规定,被指控 犯有腐败罪的公职人员可被撤职或停职,并且薪水减半。不过,利比里亚立法 并未述及剥夺被定罪者担任公职,包括在上市企业中任职的资格。 关于违反所有公职人员《国家行为守则》的制裁的第15.1条还进一步规定,对违 反该《行为守则》的公务员将采取适当的纪律行动。这些制裁不妨碍任何法院 对同时构成刑事罪的行为实施的处罚。 除假释制度外,由于缺少资金,利比里亚没有通过培训办法、社会化方案或类 似办法对被定罪者采取重新参与社会生活措施。
Under chapter 50 of the New Penal Law, punishment is determined proportionate to the gravity of the offence, including ranges for both imprisonment and fines. Among public officials, judges, parliamentarians, the President and the Vice-President all enjoy functional immunity under the provisions of the Constitution. Parliamentarians can be arrested in case of commission of felonies (art. 42 of the Constitution). As for the President and the Vice-President, they can be removed from office by impeachment for bribery and felonies, among others (art. 62 of the Constitution). Liberia has not provided many cases, though, to show the lifting of immunities of public officials in order to investigate, prosecute and adjudicate offences under the Convention. Liberia did not provide any legislation addressing the discretionary power and independence of the public prosecutor in pursuing corruption cases. Chapter 13 of the Criminal Procedure Law sets forth measures to allow any person to post bail, whether before conviction or pending appeal. However, the factors to be considered by a court when deciding on release pending trial or appeal, while taking into consideration the need to ensure the presence of the defendant at subsequent criminal proceedings, are missing in Liberia’s legislation. Article 35.5 of the Criminal Procedure Law of Liberia addresses the criteria to determine the date of release from prison on parole. According to section 15.1 (g) of the National Code of Conduct for all public officials and employees, public officials accused of a corruption offence could be barred or suspended from duty with half pay. However, Liberia’s legislation does not address the disqualification of convicted persons from holding public office, including in a public enterprise. Section 15.1 on sanctions for infringement of the National Code of Conduct for all public officials further provides for appropriate disciplinary actions to be taken against civil servants who breached this Code of Conduct. These sanctions are without prejudice to the penalties that may be imposed by any court of law where the conduct also amounts to a criminal offence. Beside the parole system and due to lack of funding, Liberia does not have social reintegration measures for convicted persons through training options, socialization programmes or similar.