总体而言，对实施腐败相关犯罪的人员所适用的制裁似乎足以阻遏犯罪。黎巴 嫩未出台量刑准则；法官可考虑到《刑法》所规定的对特定犯罪的惩罚、罪行 的严重程度、案情、涉案罪行对公共资金的影响以及涉案罪行累犯情况，自由 决定制裁。 公职人员免于起诉的程度和范围似乎有限，经批准可予以起诉。就议员而言， 此豁免仅适用于议会会期，且检察官须获得相关议会委员会的许可。除议会会 期之外，议员不享有豁免。同样，如果公务员在工作中发生犯罪，则公诉机关 须在起诉涉案公务员之前征得主管部门的同意。然而，《刑事诉讼法》第 13 条 赋权公诉机关在违背任何行政或非司法决定或立法的情况下，做出此类同意。 黎巴嫩法律体系依赖于强制诉讼，加重处罚加强了执法措施的成效。根据《公 约》，制裁犯罪人员的自由裁量权允许采取其他措施，如纪律或行政措施。 《刑法》允许保外候审，调查法官可采取措施确保涉案人员在审判时到场。《简 易审判法》第 111 条充分规定了各种此类措施。 经 2011 年第 183 号法律修正的第 463/2002 号法律，充分规定了关于定罪人员早 释和假释的条款和条件。所做的修正规定了不得早释的刑事罪行，包括金融犯 罪和洗钱。关于早释的一般条款要求服刑人员至少已服满一半刑期，服刑期间 表现恰当良好，对社会无危害，且有可能在狱外正常生活。早释请求由法官进 行审查，然后向法庭提出最终提议；如果由于健康原因而要求早释，需提供充 分的体检报告。该法还充分规定了各项纪律措施，包括针对公务员和法官两者的移管、调职和 停职。
In general, the sanctions applicable to persons who have committed corruption-related crimes appear to be sufficiently dissuasive. There are no sentencing guidelines; judges are free in the determination of the sanction, taking into consideration the punishment for particular crimes set forth in the LCC, the gravity of offences, circumstances of the case, the impact of the offence on public funds and any repetition of the crime. The extent and scope of the immunities from prosecution for public officials appear limited, with possibilities to prosecute dependent upon approval. In regard to Members of Parliament the immunity applies only while Parliament is in session, and the prosecutor is required to obtain the permission from the relevant parliamentary committee. Outside parliamentary sessions, Members of Parliament do not enjoy immunity. Similarly, the Public Prosecution has to obtain the approval of the Administration prior to prosecution of civil servants if the crime arises out of his or her employment. Yet, article 13 of the Criminal Procedures Code provides public prosecution with powers to give such approval counter to any administrative or non-judiciary decisions or legislation. The Lebanese legal system relies on mandatory prosecutions, and aggravated penalties contribute to the effectiveness of law enforcement measures. The discretionary legal powers in sanctioning persons for offences in accordance with the Convention permit the imposition of other measures, e.g., disciplinary or administrative measures. Release pending trial is allowed under the LCC and investigative judges can apply measures to ensure the presence of a person at a trial. Article 111 of the Summary Trial Law provides for sufficient range of these measures. The terms and conditions on early release and parole of persons convicted of offences are adequately regulated in Law No. 463/2002 amended by the Law No. 183 of 2011. The amendments establish for which criminal offences early release is not allowed including financial crimes and money-laundering. The general terms for early release require at least half of the sentence to have been served, proper and good behaviour, the absence of danger for society and the prisoner’s prospects of having a life outside of prison. The request is examined by a judge who makes the final proposal to the Tribunal; in cases where the early release is requested on medical grounds, the adequate medical reports will be adduced. Disciplinary measures including transfer, reassignment and suspension both for civil servants and judges, are adequately regulated.