匈牙利的制裁充分考虑罪行的严重性。《刑法典》第 36 条规定最短监禁期限为 3 个月,最长 20 年。 享有豁免权的人员名单非常广泛。另外,在撤销豁免权之前,不得采取任何侦 查步骤,不得收集任何证据,即便享有豁免权的人被当场抓住。 《刑事诉讼法》第 174(1)条规定,强制起诉原则适用时应无“最低限”门槛, 起诉仅可因该条所述之原因被驳回。 监管某些官员的法律地位的法律规定,纪律处分程序期间可以解雇官员、中止 其工作或分配到新的职位。根据《刑法典》第 61 条,被剥夺民事权利者不得担 任公职。利用其职务之便蓄意参与犯罪者,应禁止其从事专业工作(《刑法典》 第 52(1)(b)条)。取消从事专业工作资格的规定在公营企业中同样适用。 根据 1979 年《第 11 号法定规则》第 113 条,重返社会的目的是为被解雇的罪犯 提供援助,使其能够适应社会,同时创造必要的社会条件。
Hungary’s sanctions adequately take into account the gravity of the offence. Article 36 CC establishes a minimum term of imprisonment of three months and a maximum of twenty years.The list of persons enjoying immunities is fairly extensive. Moreover, until immunity has been lifted, no investigative steps can be taken at all and no evidence can be collected, even if the person enjoying the immunities is caught red handed. Pursuant to section 174(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code (the CPC), the principle of mandatory prosecution applies with no de minimis threshold and complaints can only be rejected for the reasons stated in this provision. Pursuant to the laws regulating the legal status of certain officials, officials may be discharged, suspended and assigned to a new position during a disciplinary procedure. According to article 61 CC, persons deprived of civil rights may not hold public office. A person who has engaged in a crime intentionally, by using his profession, may be prohibited from exercising a profession (article 52(1)(b) CC). The provision on disqualification from exercising a profession also applies in the case of public companies. According to article 113 of the Statutory Rule 11 of 1979, reintegration aims at giving assistance to discharged convicts to allow them to adapt to society and creating the necessary social conditions.