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奥地利第30条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-8-30 23:45:45 人气:16 评论:0

   总体而言,对实施腐败相关犯罪的人所适用的制裁似乎足以阻遏犯罪。奥地利 未订有给法官的量刑准则。主审法官可自由决定刑期。 关于免予起诉的程度和范围,国家议会(国民议会——议会第一议院)成员 (国会议员)和州议会成员,以及联邦总统是唯一受益于这种保护的公职人 员。只有在犯罪行为明显与其政治活动绝无关联的情况下,国会议员才可能因 犯罪行为而被起诉。如果有关国会议员有此要求,检察官必须寻求由议会决定 是否存在这种关联(《联邦宪法》第 57(3)条)。 然而,虽然个人的豁免范围十分有限,但在撤销豁免权之前不得实施任何调查 步骤。最后,不仅在国会议员接受调查的情况下,而且在调查仅触及议员的情 况下,即调查涉及另一人但意味着对该议员进行调查时,必须撤销国会议员的 豁免权。 根据《联邦宪法》第 18(1)和(2)条,奥地利刑事司法制度以强制起诉制度为基 础。奥地利不存在辩诉交易,因为它与奥地利刑事诉讼的基本原则背道而驰。

      In general, the sanctions applicable to persons who have committed corruption-related offences appear to be sufficiently dissuasive. There are no sentencing guidelines for judges in Austria. The trial judge is free in his or her determination of the sentence. In relation to the extent and scope of immunities from prosecution, the members of the national Parliament (Nationalrat — first chamber of Parliament, MPs) and of the Parliaments of the Länder, as well as the Federal President are the only public officials benefiting from such protection. MPs may be prosecuted for criminal acts only if it is evidently in no way connected to their political activity. The public prosecutor has to seek a decision of Parliament whether such a connection exists if the MP concerned so requests (Article 57(3) Federal Constitution). However, while the personal scope of immunity is fairly limited, no investigative steps can be undertaken until it is lifted. Finally, the lifting of the MP’s immunity is required not only if the MP is the subject of the investigation, but also if the investigation only touches upon the MP’s sphere, i.e. if the investigation concerns another person but would imply an investigation of the MP. Austria’s criminal justice system is based on the system of mandatory prosecution by virtue of article 18(1) and (2) of the Federal Constitution. Plea bargaining does not exist in Austria because it runs counter to a fundamental principle of Austrian criminal procedure.

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