《防止有组织犯罪法》第 4 章和第 6 章的多项条款处理基于定罪的充公和基于 非定罪的充公问题。根据第 4 章第 18 条，定罪之后，被告可能被下令交出法院 认为与其犯罪所得的价值相当的任何金额。法院还会考虑到“从法院裁定与这 些定罪罪行有充分关系的任何犯罪行为”中获取的利益。可以对被告的任何资产实行这种命令。此外，被判犯有严重罪行的罪犯，如果其资产大大高于其通过合法手段获得的收入，检察官则可能（经国家检察院院长核准后）对其特定 “生活方式”援用一个法律推定，要求已定罪被告确定其过去 7 年所获财产、 资产和收入的合法来源，否则将其充公。国家检察局资产充公股负责执行《防止有组织犯罪法》的这些章节，以使其发挥最大的效力。 《防止有组织犯罪法》还根据一项民事充公机制，规定没收第三方所持或构成犯罪财产、设备或工具的犯罪所得。根据对所涉财产与非法活动相关或是属于这些活动所得的可能性的权衡，确定是否在这些民事诉讼中予以没收。在只有 一部分财产被用于实施刑事犯罪的情况下，法院裁定将所有财产充公。《刑事诉 讼法》第 2 章对搜查令的申请和发放、财产的扣押、充公和处置事宜做了规定。 《刑事诉讼法》第 30 条至第 34 条规范看管和保管国家所扣押财产的问题。 犯罪所得可能在审前被扣押。根据《防止有组织犯罪法》第 5 章第 3 部分，高 等法院可能对属于被告或将受到犯罪指控的人的财产强制实行一份限制令。根 据《防止有组织犯罪法》第 38 条，高等法院有可能在民事充公诉讼过程中对犯 罪所得和工具发出一份保护令。在任何此类命令中，善意第三方的权利均受到保护。
Under Chapters 4 to 6 of the POCA, extensive provisions address both conviction-based and non-conviction-based forfeiture. Under section 18 of Chapter 4, upon conviction, a defendant may be ordered to pay any amount the Court considers appropriate up to the value of the defendant’s proceeds derived from the offence. The Court will also look at benefits derived from “any criminal activity which the Court finds to be sufficiently related to those offences” of conviction. Such an order can be executed against any of the defendant’s assets. In addition, for particular “lifestyles”, criminals convicted of serious offences who have assets significantly greater than their means of acquiring lawful income, a legal presumption may be invoked by the prosecutor (upon approval of the National Director) to require a convicted defendant to establish the lawful origin of property, assets and income acquired during the previous 7 years or risk their forfeiture. The NPA’s Asset Forfeiture Unit is tasked with implementing these Chapters of the POCA to their maximum effectiveness. The POCA also provides for the confiscation of proceeds of crime in the hands of third parties, or that constitute property, equipment or instrumentalities of the offence, under a civil forfeiture mechanism. Confiscation in these civil proceedings is determined on a balance of probabilities that the property in question is connected to, or derived from, unlawful activity. Where only a part of the property was used to commit the criminal offence, courts have ruled that the entire property is subject to forfeiture. Chapter 2 of the CPA provides for the application and granting of search warrants, seizure, forfeiture and disposal of property. Sections 30 to 34 of the CPA govern the care and custody of property seized by the State. Proceeds of an offence may be subject to pretrial seizure. Under Part 3 of Chapter 5 of the POCA, a High Court may impose a restraint order on property belonging to a defendant or a person to be charged with an offence. Under section 38 of the POCA, the High Court may issue a preservation order for proceeds and instrumentalities of crime in a civil forfeiture proceeding. In any such order, the rights of bona fide third parties are protected