2008 年《反腐败法》第 98 条和 2012 年《反洗钱法》第 82 条规定,一旦做出定罪判决,法院即可下令没收被定罪者占有或控制的任何财产或犯罪所得或与其 价值相当的款项,包括从此类资产中获得的收入和收益。这两条都规定,任何财产都应视为来自腐败或犯罪所得,除非能够提供相反的证明。只有 2012 年 《反洗钱法》第 82 条规定了没收用于或拟用于洗钱的财产、设备和其他工具。如果涉案财产已转移、混淆或因其他任何原因无法予以没收,可运用 2012 年 《反洗钱法》中对于“任何财产”的广义解读,实行基于价值的没收。两项法 律也都对追查、扣押和冻结作了广泛规定,包括在冻结/扣押和没收方面保护善 意第三方。根据 2008 年《反腐败法》第 88 条和 2012 年《反洗钱法》第 84 条(该条还涵盖被告死亡的案件)如果嫌犯已逃匿,可实行非基于定罪的没收。反腐败委员会负责管理其监管的扣押财产。法院可下令管理或处置没收财产。负责管理财产的相关主管机关为区司法官办公室和司法部管理人或主管。
Sections 98 of the ACA 2008 and 82 of the AML Act 2012 permit the court to order, upon conviction, the confiscation of any property or proceeds in the possession or control of the convicted or value thereof, including income and gains from such assets. Both sections specify that, unless the contrary is proved, any property shall be deemed to be derived from corruption or proceeds of crime. Only section 82 of the AML Act 2012 includes confiscation of property, equipment and other instrumentalities used or destined for use in money-laundering. If the property has been transferred, co-mingled or cannot be confiscated for any other reason, value-based confiscation would be possible by using a wide interpretation of “any property” in the AML Act 2012. Both laws also include broad regulations on tracing, seizing and freezing, including protections of bona fide third parties in regard to freezing/seizure and confiscation. Non-conviction-based forfeiture is possible if the suspect has absconded according to sections 88 of the ACA 2008 and 84 of the AML Act 2012, the latter of which also included cases where the accused has died. Administration of seized property is the responsibility of the ACC while in its custody. The court can make an order as to the administration or disposal of confiscated property. The competent authorities for the administration are the Office of the Under Sherriff and the Administrator General of the Ministry of Justice.