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秘鲁第31条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-6 10:01:13 人气:18 评论:0

        没收任何犯罪所得或工具,按规定,是犯罪的次要结果。秘鲁法律还规定,在 不没收的情况下,所有权也得丧失。对没收或扣押“拟用于”犯罪的工具,没有规定。在犯罪所得已经部分或全部转变或转化成其他财产的情况下,扣押和没收没有规则可循,在犯罪所得已经与从合法来源获得的财产相混合的情况下,没有犯 罪所得价值也没规则可循。犯罪所得转变或转化而成的或已经与犯罪所得部分 相混合的财产,统归在洗钱法之下。 “影响”一词含义是指好处,包括利润或任何其他出自犯罪的好处。 扣押(《刑事诉讼法典》第 316-320 条)确保有可以根据可强制执行的判决予以 没收的财产。冻结(《刑事诉讼法典》第 302-309 条)确保源于犯罪的金融债务 或费用支付可以得到满足。 除了《刑事诉讼法典》第 401(b)和 318 条所载关于财产管理的一般规则之外, 第 220 条第 5 款还规定了监管链,那是公共检察机关的责任。管理被扣押和没 收的财产的制度实行了改革,通过了关于丧失所有权的第 1104 号立法命令。该 命令设立了被没收资产国家委员会,附属于部长理事会主席办公室。秘鲁制度没有规定要求罪犯证明被指控的犯罪所得或其他可被没收的财产的合 法来源的可能。 秘鲁制度保护善意第三方的权利,除执行其他程序外,还审查扣押。

        The confiscation of any proceeds or instrumentalities of crime is provided for as a secondary consequence of an offence. Peruvian law also provides for loss of ownership in cases where confiscation does not occur. There is no provision for the confiscation or seizure of instrumentalities “destined for use” in offences. There are no rules governing seizure and confiscation where the proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted, in part or in full, into other property or confiscation of the value of the proceeds of crime where they have been intermingled with property acquired from legitimate sources. Property into which the proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted or with which the proceeds of crime have been partially intermingled is covered by the law on money-laundering. The term “effects” refers by implication to advantages, including profits or any other advantage deriving from crime. Seizure (arts. 316-320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) ensures the availability of property that may be confiscated under an enforceable judgement. Freezing (arts. 302-309) ensures that the financial liabilities arising from an offence or the payment of costs can be met. In addition to the general rules contained in articles 401 (b) and 318 of the Code of Criminal Procedure on the administration of property, article 220, paragraph 5, provides for the chain of custody, which is the responsibility of the Public Prosecution Service. Reforms to the system for the administration of seized and confiscated property were introduced with the adoption of Legislative Decree No. 1104 on loss of ownership, which established the National Commission on Confiscated Property, attached to the Office of the Chairperson of the Council of Ministers.The Peruvian system does not provide for the possibility of requiring an offender to demonstrate the lawful origin of the alleged proceeds of crime or other property liable to confiscation. The Peruvian system protects the rights of bona fide third parties by conducting a review of seizures, among other procedures.

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