《犯罪所得法》与《银行法》规定定罪后没收财产并对没收财产规定了临时措 施。依照《犯罪所得法》第 222 节，高等法院可以按照总检察长的申请，在一个人被判犯有严重罪行以后对其污点财产发出没收令。对于洗钱犯罪行为，相 关条款是《银行法》第 174 节，专员或总检察长均可提出没收申请。“重罪”在此处包括任何在马绍尔群岛境内外发生的、监禁期不少于 12 个月的犯罪行为 （《银行法》第 102 节）。《犯罪所得法》所提到的“污点财产”在某些情况下可 以被推定为用于实施重大犯罪行为或与其相关的财产，或“犯罪所得”（第 205(1)(p)节）。官方确认，污点财产包括用于或预谋用于实施重大犯罪的工具。依照《银行法》，“污点财产”系指在犯罪或洗钱过程中获取的所有或部分财产 （第 102(ff)节）。《银行法》第 102 节将“犯罪所得”定义为因严重罪行直接或 间接衍生或获取的任何财产；在《犯罪所得法》中被定义为“犯罪产物，或因严重罪行直接或间接衍生或获取的任何财产，并包括了一定比例的、直接从犯 罪活动中衍生或获得的财产其后所转换、转变或混合成的财产，以及在犯罪后 的任何时候从此类财产衍生或获取的收入、资本或其他经济利益。”（第 205(1)(k) 节）。总体上说，《犯罪所得法》与《银行法》对此的定义有一些不一致。 扣押相关财产的警官即是该财产的管理人（《犯罪所得法》第 255 节）。《犯罪所得法》第 251、252、254、258 及 261-265 节规定，某些条件下对财产实行出示或监测命令，以防止处理或处置该财产，并根据搜查令搜查和扣押疑 似污点财产或其他财产，在紧急情况下则无需搜查令。获得法院签发的令状使 侦查机关能够查阅政府和财务或商业记录所需的程序被视为便于实际操作。《犯罪所得法》第 217(1)(b)节规定，“被告与此财产的其他任何受益人可以出席 听证会并举证，(c)高等法院可以……命令总检察长(i)向高等法院确认的此财产的任何潜在受益人发出财产处置通知”。善意第三方的权利已在《犯罪所得法》第 225 节中提及。此前并未有过没收、冻结或扣押的相关案例。
The Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) and Banking Act provide for conviction-based confiscation and provisional measures for purposes of confiscation. Under section 222 of POCA, the High Court may, on the application of the Attorney General, make a confiscation order against tainted property in relation to a person’s conviction of a serious offence. In relation to money-laundering offences, the relevant provision is section 174 of the Banking Act, and either the Commissioner or the Attorney General can make the application. “Serious offence” is defined in this context to include any offence in or outside the Marshall Islands, which is punishable by imprisonment for not less than 12 months (s. 102, Banking Act). “Tainted property” under POCA may be inferred under certain circumstances to be property used in, or in connection with, the commission of a serious offence or “proceeds of crime” (s. 205(1)(p)). The authorities confirmed that tainted property includes instrumentalities used and destined for use in the commission of a serious offence. Under the Banking Act, “tainted property” means any property obtained in whole or in part from the proceeds of a criminal offence or from the proceeds of money-laundering (s. 102(ff)). “Proceeds of crime” is defined under section 102 of the Banking Act as any property derived from or obtained, directly or indirectly through the commission of a serious offence; in POCA, this is defined as “fruits of a crime, or any property derived or realized directly or indirectly from a serious offense and includes, on a proportional basis, property into which any property derived or realized directly from the offense was later successively converted, transformed or intermingled, as well as income, capital or other economic gains derived or realized from such property at any time since the offense” (s. 205(1)(k)). In general, there were a number of inconsistencies noted between POCA and the Banking Act. The police officer who seizes property is the administrator of that property (s. 255, POCA). Sections 251, 252, 254, 258 and 261-265 of POCA provide for production or monitoring orders against property under certain conditions to prevent the dealing or disposal of the property, as well as search and seizure of suspected tainted or other property under a search warrant, or without in emergencies. The procedure needed to obtain a court-issued warrant for investigating authorities to access government and financial or commercial records was deemed straightforward in practice. Section 217(1)(b) of POCA provides that “the defendant and any other person who claims an interest in the property may appear and adduce evidence at the hearing of the application and (c) the High Court may … direct the Attorney-General to: (i) give notice of the application to any person who, in the opinion of the High Court, appears to have an interest in the property”. The rights of bona fide third parties are covered in section 225 of POCA. There have been no related cases of confiscation, freezing or seizure.