《预防腐败法》第 35 和 36 条以及《洗钱与资助恐怖主义(预防)法》第 89 条 规定了对《公约》规定的各项犯罪的处罚和补充处罚。应当考虑改进对腐败相 关犯罪的处罚,同时考虑到犯罪的严重程度。斯威士兰还不妨考虑对腐败犯罪 规定最低限度处罚,据解释这可使量刑更趋一致。 斯威士兰法律规定国王和太后享有绝对豁免权,豁免权延伸到在民事和刑事诉 讼中的作证。法官对在其行使职能时的行为享有职能豁免,但其他公职人员均 不享有刑事豁免。不过,根据《宪法》第 254 条,公职人员的定义排除了某些 官员。 公共检察长办公室在执行其任务授权时为公众利益和司法处置进行起诉,并注 意有必要防止滥用法律程序。此外,公共检察长办公室应当独立,不受任何个 人或机关的领导或控制(《宪法》第 162 条第(6)款)。《预防腐败法》第 28 条第 (3)款进一步将与公共检察官有关的腐败活动定为刑事犯罪,包括在任何民事或 刑事诉讼方面接受贿赂、偏袒或亏待,或者施加不正当影响力。据报告,提交 公共检察长办公室的所有腐败案件都已起诉。 《刑事程序和证据法》第 95 条第(3)款述及高等法院在保释方面的权力。第 96 条第(4)款规定了保释条件,以确保被告在随后的刑事诉讼中出庭;提供了相关 的判例法。 《刑事程序和证据法》第 329 条规定国王有权自由或根据合法条件免除或减轻 刑期。《宪法》第 78 条进一步规定国王的特赦权。法律没有规定在假释之前考 虑犯罪严重程度。尚未在腐败案件中适用特赦权或免除刑罚。 《宪法》第 158 条第(6)款、第 162 条和第 187 条以及《预防腐败法》第 6 条对 公职人员停职作了规定。《公务委员会条例》第 38 条进一步允许在初步调查或 纪律聆讯显明可能存在刑事犯罪的情况下对公职人员进行纪律处分。纪律处罚 可包括开除、撤职和调职/降级。如果正在进行或将要进行纪律处分程序,或者 正在开始刑事诉讼,则规定解除职务(《公务委员会条例》第 39 条)。没有具体法律或程序取消被定罪人员担任公职或在公有企业担任职务的资格。 《宪法》规定对监狱囚犯进行保护、控制和改造(第 190 条第(1)款)。正在开展 一项改造犯罪人员并使之融入社会的方案,由斯威士兰管教署执行。
Sections 35 and 36 of POCA and section 89 of MLFTPA provide for penalties and additional penalties for Convention offences. Consideration should be given to enhancing the penalties for corruption-related offences, taking into account the gravity of the offences. Swaziland may also wish to consider adopting minimum penalties for corruption offences, as it was explained that this could provide for greater consistency in sentencing. Swaziland law gives absolute immunity to the King and the Queen mother, which extends to testifying both in civil and criminal proceedings. While judges enjoy functional immunity for acts within the exercise of their functions, no other public officials enjoy criminal immunity. However, certain officials are excluded from the definition of public officer, pursuant to article 254 of the Constitution. The DPP, in executing its mandate, prosecutes in the public interest and the interest of the administration of justice and has regard to the need to prevent abuse of the legal process. Moreover, the DPP shall be independent and not subject to the direction or control of any person or authority (article 162(6) of the Constitution). Section 28(3) of POCA further criminalizes corrupt activities relating to public prosecutors, including accepting bribes, showing favour or disfavour or exerting improper influence in connection with any civil or criminal proceedings. All corruption cases brought to the DPP have reportedly been indicted. Section 95(3) of CP&E addresses the powers of the High Court regarding bail. Section 96(4) regulates conditions for bail to ensure the presence of the defendant at subsequent criminal proceedings; relevant case law was provided.Section 329 of CP&E provides for the authority of the King to remit or commute a sentence either free or subject to lawful conditions. Article 78 of the Constitution further provides for the King’s prerogative of mercy. The law does not provide for consideration of the gravity of offences before release on parole. There have been no corruption cases where the prerogative of mercy was applied or the sentence was remitted. The law provides for suspension of public officials in articles 158(6), 162 and 187 of the Constitution and section 6 of POCA. Regulation 38 of the Civil Service Board (CSB) Regulations further allows for disciplinary action to be taken against public officers if a preliminary investigation or disciplinary inquiry discloses a possible criminal offence. Disciplinary punishments may include dismissal, termination and reassignment/demotion in rank. Interdiction is provided for, if disciplinary proceedings are being taken or about to be taken or if criminal proceedings are being instituted (Regulation 39, CSB Regulations). There are no specific laws or procedures for the disqualification of convicted persons from holding positions in public offices or public enterprises. The Constitution provides for the protection, holding and rehabilitation of prisoners (article 190(1)). An ongoing programme to rehabilitate and integrate offenders into society is administered by the Swaziland Correctional Services.