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斯洛伐克第30条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-3 20:31:19 人气:17 评论:0

   至于适用于腐败相关罪行的处罚,进行审议的专家们注意到,在个人被认定犯有此种罪行的情况下适用重罚。处罚一般从判处巨额罚金到最高 10 年的监禁不 等,如果罪行加重情节适用的话,则刑期更长。《宪法》的各条款和《刑事诉讼法》第 8 条和第 9 条涉及免于起诉的情况。根 据这些条款,要起诉议员,需先经议会全国委员会批准。也向宪法法院成员提 供类似保护。据斯洛伐克检察机关的代表所知,不曾有过在申请起诉的情况下 拒绝同意的情况。 在对公职人员提起诉讼的情况下,斯洛伐克当局表示,在通常情况下,当事人会被暂时停职。是否停职的决定由当事人工作的具体公共行政机构做出。如果 被提起刑事诉讼的是司法机关的成员,则由政府部长决定是否停职。在三年的 停职期过后,有关的司法机关成员有权重返工作岗位。 进行审议的专家们注意到,目前没有适用于所有公职人员的任何形式的共同行 为准则或道德规范,这意味着不同的政府部门对受到刑事起诉的公职人员采取 的纪律措施不一致,因此个别公共当局的高级成员有很大的酌处权。斯洛伐克向进行审议的专家确认,制定了一些方案来确保服刑期满的人重返社 会。 斯洛伐克有一些促进罪犯在腐败罪行调查中予以合作的法律规定。检察官可以 对提供有助于侦破犯罪的信息的人停止或有条件地中止诉讼。根据《刑法》第 39 条,法院还可以将协助调查腐败罪行的任何嫌疑人的徒刑减至法律规定的最 低刑期之下。

        As regards the penalties applicable to corruption-related offences, it was noted by the reviewing experts that significant penalties apply where individuals are found guilty of such offences. Penalties generally range from the imposition of a substantial fine to imprisonment for a period of up to 10 years, or longer where aggravating circumstances are applicable. Immunity from prosecution is addressed in various provisions of the Constitution and under sections 8 and 9 of the Criminal Procedure Code. According to these provisions, for prosecution of Members of Parliament to proceed the prior consent of the National Council of Parliament is required. Similar protection is afforded to members of the Constitutional Court. To the knowledge of the representatives of the Slovakian prosecution authorities, there has been no case in which such permission has been denied where required for prosecution to proceed. Where prosecution proceedings have started in relation to a public official, the Slovakian authorities indicated that the relevant person would, in normal circumstances, be temporarily suspended from their position. The decision as to whether an individual will be so suspended will be left to the specific public administration body in which that person works. Where a member of the judiciary is subject to criminal proceedings, it will be at the discretion of a Minister of government as to whether he will be suspended. Once a three-year period of suspension has passed, the relevant member of the judiciary has the right to return to his position. It was noted by the reviewing experts that there was not presently any form of common code of conduct or code of ethics applicable to all public officials, meaning that the disciplinary actions taken against officials where they are subject to criminal proceedings is inconsistent between different government departments, leaving a significant amount of discretion to senior members of individual public authorities. Slovakia confirmed to the reviewing experts that a number of programmes were in place to ensure the reintegration of people into society following a period of imprisonment. Slovakia has a number of legislative provisions that facilitate the cooperation of offenders in the investigation of corruption offences. Prosecutors may stay or conditionally suspend proceedings against a person who provides information that may help solve a crime. Under section 39 of the Criminal Code, a Court may also reduce custodial sentences below the minimum prescribed by law for any suspect who has assisted in the investigation of an offence of corruption.

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