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摩尔多瓦共和国第30条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-3 19:59:51 人气:12 评论:0

   审议人员考虑到国家反腐败中心开展的研究,认为该研究反映出摩尔多瓦在就 腐败罪实施制裁方面采取的做法不一致且在很大程度上极度宽大的特点。虽然 《公约》在立法上得到了落实,但在执法领域依然遇到严峻的挑战。所提供的 案例在阐明《公约》相关罪行的执法方面作用有限。 该国法律还规定总统和议员享有豁免。审议人员结合《公约》第三十条第二款 的实施情况讨论了司法机构的腐败问题。国家反腐败中心提供了 2014 年统计数 据,这些数据表明,该领域的反腐败工作取得了重大进展。审议人员欢迎这些 事态发展,并表示支持进一步做出改进,包括使相关做法相互一致,以确保在 撤销豁免之前允许采取调查措施。 辩诉交易协议已逐步纳入国家立法和实践中。国家反腐败中心开展的研究显示, 在 81%受审议的腐败案件中,行使自由裁量权的检察官要求法院将刑罚减轻三 分之一,因为根据《刑法》第 80 条与犯罪人达成了辩诉交易协议。审议人员对 这一趋势表示严重关切,因为这可能削弱使犯罪受到与其严重程度相当的制裁 的可能性。 第 443/2004 号《执行法》规定了促进被定罪者重新融入社会的措施,其中包括 假释。 《刑事诉讼法》第 200 条规定了暂停职务。 《刑法》第 65 条界定了嫌疑人因定罪而被剥夺担任某些职务或从事某些活动的 权利的条件。根据摩尔多瓦当局提供的统计数据,只有 63%被定腐败罪的人还 受到免职和剥夺担任特定职务的权利的处罚(在此情形下,这种处罚依法具有 强制性)。 关于公务员行为守则的第 25-XVI/2008 号法律规定,公务员在履行职责时,如 有不当行为,且该行为可能导致对其行使纪律处分权,即需承担责任。

        The reviewers took into account the National Anti-Corruption Centre study and were of the view that it reflected a picture of an inconsistent, and to a large degree extremely lenient, practice regarding the sanctions imposed for corruption offences. Although the Convention is legislatively implemented, serious challenges remain in the area of enforcement. Case examples shed limited light on the enforcement of Convention-related offences. Immunities are foreseen for the President and the deputies in the parliament. Corruption in the judiciary, in conjunction with the implementation of article 30, paragraph 2, of the Convention, was discussed. The National Anti-Corruption Centre provided statistics for 2014 indicating considerable progress in the fight against corruption in that field. The reviewers welcomed those developments and expressed support for further improvements, including consistent practices, to ensure that investigative measures are allowed before the lifting of immunity takes place. The institution of plea bargaining agreements has been taken gradually into national legislation and practice. Pursuant to the National Anti-Corruption Centre study, in 81 per cent of the corruption cases reviewed, the prosecutors, exercising discretionary powers, have asked the courts to reduce by one third the sentence as a result of plea bargaining agreements under section 80 of the Criminal Code. The reviewers expressed serious concerns over that trend, as it might undermine the possibility of imposing sanctions that take into account the gravity of the offence.The Execution Code No. 443/2004 provides for measures for the reintegration of convicted persons into society, including conditional release from punishment. Provisional suspension from office is foreseen in section 200 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Section 65 of the Criminal Code defines the conditions for the deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or to practice certain activities as a result of conviction. According to statistics provided by the Moldovan authorities, only 63 per cent of persons convicted of corruption offences were also punished by dismissal and deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions (where this punishment was ex lege mandatory). Law No. 25-XVI/2008 on the code of conduct for civil servants provides for the liability of civil servants for misconduct while performing duties that may give rise to the exercise of disciplinary powers.

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