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牙买加第30条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-8-31 22:12:50 人气:10 评论:0

   腐败(防止)法》第 15 节规定,对腐败罪的处罚包括罚款和监禁。法律区分初 犯和累犯。按照严重程度,案件要么由驻地治安法院审理,要么由巡回法院审 理,巡回法院是最高法院的分支,可处以更严重的制裁。由于最高罚金不是非 常高,罚款与监禁通常并罚。《工作人员令》第 10(6)和(7)段,及《警察服务条 例》和《司法服务条例》对行政制裁作了规定。 《宪法》第 94 节规定,检察长有自由裁量权,可按证据是否充足、定罪的合理 可能性和公共利益等方面提出起诉。 牙买加未规定公职人员可免于刑事起诉。《保释法》第 13、14 节和《司法组织(上诉管辖权)法》第 31 节对准予保释 的可能性作了规定。被告享有宪法赋予的保释权。即便警察或检察官充分表明 为什么不应准予保释的原因,法官也可下令准予保释。法官依自由裁量权确定 保释金。 《假释法》第 6 节规定,被判处十二个月以上刑期的犯人,在服满三分之一刑 期或十二个月(以两者中较长者为准)后,取得假释资格。未提供资料说明在 决定是否准予假释时如何考虑罪行严重程度。 《公共服务条例》第 32 节、《警察服务条例》第 35 节和《司法服务条例》第 21 节规定,待审或纪律处分程序期间,可禁止相关人员工作。禁止工作与减薪可 并罚。《警察服务条例》还规定可作停职处理,无需支付工资,并收回所有制服 和政府财产。然而,这些条例并不涉及所有的公职人员。 《公共服务条例》第 35 节、《警察服务条例》第 38 节和《司法服务条例》第 24 节规定,一经定罪,可免职或做其他处罚。此外,《工作人员令》载有一个考虑 到罪行性质和严重程度的纪律制裁清单。 牙买加的《刑事司法(诉辩协商和协议)法》规定,如被告认罪和履行其他义 务,检察长可与被告签订协议,接受被告承认较轻的罪行或撤回指控。这些义 务可涉及提供信息。第 10 节规定,法官和驻地治安法官不受该协议约束。提供 信息或证据的合作罪犯可列入《司法保护法》第 2 节定义的证人之列,得到保 护。

        The penalties for corruption offences are fines and imprisonment as regulated in section 15 of the CPA. The law differentiates between first time and repeat offenders. Depending on the seriousness the case is tried either by the Resident Magistrate’s Court or the Circuit Court, which is a division of the Supreme Court and which can impose higher sanctions. As the maximum amounts of the fines are not very high, fines are often imposed in combination with imprisonment. Administrative sanctions are included in paragraphs 10 (6) and (7) of the Staff Orders for the Public Service as well as in the Police Service, and the Judicial Service Regulations. According to section 94 of the Constitution, the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) has discretion to prosecute based on aspects such as sufficient evidence, a reasonable possibility of conviction and public interest. Jamaica does not provide for immunities from criminal prosecution for public officials. Section 13 and 14 of the Bail Act and section 31 of the Judicature (Appellate Jurisdiction) Act provide for the possibility of granting bail. The accused has a constitutional entitlement to bail. The judge can order bail even if police or prosecution provide sufficient demonstration why it should not be granted. The determination of the bail amount is at the discretion of the judge. According to section 6 of the Parole Act, every inmate serving a sentence of more than twelve months is eligible for parole after having served a period of one-third of such sentence or twelve months, whichever is greater. No information was provided on how the gravity of the offence is taken into consideration when taking a decision about parole. Pending trial or during disciplinary proceedings, an interdiction to work is possible according section 32 of the Public Service Regulations, section 35 of the Police Service and section 21 of the Judicial Service Regulations. The interdiction goes along with a reduction of salary payments. The Police Service regulations also foresee the option of suspension without pay and with deprivation of all uniform and government property. However, not all public officials are covered by these regulations. Upon conviction, the dismissal from office or other punishment is possible according to section 35 of the Public Service Regulations, section 38 of the Police Service Regulations and section 24 of the Judicial Service Regulations. Furthermore, the Staff Orders for the Public Service comprise a list of disciplinary sanctions which take the nature and gravity of the offence in consideration. According to Jamaica’s Criminal Justice (Plea Negotiations and agreements) Act, the DPP can enter into an agreement with the accused and accept a plea of the accused to a lesser offence or withdraw charges, if the accused enters a guilty plea and fulfils other obligations. Those obligations could relate to the provision of information. According to section 10, judges and Resident Magistrates are not bound by the agreement. Cooperating offenders who provide information or evidence could fall under the witness definition of section 2 of the Justice Protection Act and receive protection.

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