澳大利亚对处理腐败行为已经有强有力的刑事、民事和行政制裁,法院在确定 适当刑期时有义务考虑到犯罪的具体情形。王室免于刑事责任并不适用于公务 员。英联邦公共检察部门负责对违反英联邦法律的犯罪提出起诉。
澳大利亚的做法是,对于腐败案件,任何个人都不得免于起诉,包括国会议员 在内,这种做法值得称赞,但是在取证方面有些限制,这能保护国会议员所作 发言免于在以后的刑事起诉中加以引用。
关于假释问题,尽管没有要求总检察长在确定假释时考虑某些因素的任何书面 政策,但澳大利亚报告称,在作出这一决定时,将考虑到犯罪的性质及其具体 情况。
机构负责人可基于涉嫌违反行为守则的理由并在符合公共利益或机构利益的前 提下中止澳大利亚公务机关的雇员行使职权。如果雇员违反了行为守则,则可 终止雇用关系。此外,英联邦选举法(1918 年)规定,被确定犯有贿赂罪的人 从定罪之日起连续两年将没有资格在国会工作。《宪法》还规定,由于任何可 起诉罪行而服刑者也将没有资格出任这些职务;但一旦其服刑期满便可以得到 提名。
不得把有犯罪记录者或因为刑事犯罪而被定罪者自动排除在澳大利亚公共部门 受雇队伍之外,但在作出雇用决定时应当考虑到这些因素。
Australia has strong criminal, civil and administrative sanctions in place to address acts of corruption, and courts are obligated to take into account the circumstances of the offence in determining an appropriate sentence. Crown immunity from criminal responsibility does not extend to public servants. The Commonwealth Department of Public Prosecutions (CDPP) is responsible for prosecution of offences of laws against the Commonwealth.
Australia’s approach that no individual is immune from prosecution for corruption cases, including parliamentarians, deserves favourable mention, although certain evidentiary restrictions protect statements made on the floor of the parliament from being presented in a subsequent criminal prosecution.
With regard to parole, although there was no written policy that requires the Attorney-General to take certain factors into account when determining parole,Australia reported that the nature and circumstances of the offence are taken into account in making such a decision.
An Agency Head may suspend an Australian Public Service employee from duties on grounds of a suspected breach of the Code of Conduct and if it is in the public interest or the agency’s interest. If the employee has breached the Code of Conduct, employment may be terminated. In addition, the Commonwealth Electoral Act (1918) disqualifies persons who have been convicted of bribery from sitting in Parliament for two years from the conviction. The Constitution also disqualifies from such office a person who is under sentence for any indictable offence; however, they may nominate once they have completed their sentence.
Persons who have a criminal record or who are convicted of a criminal offence are not automatically excluded from employment in the Australian Public Service, but this can be taken into account in making an employment decision.