牙买加的《司法保护法》于 2008 年生效,将证人定义为“已提供、有义务提供 或已同意提供证词或证据或以上两者的人”。通过第 9(2)(a)节的规定,证人还包 括“可能是证人”的人,这在初期侦查阶段可能很重要。关联人也可视为《司 法保护方案》的参与者。这些人可以是亲属。然而,对检察长的适用作了规定 的第 9(2)节的措辞似乎只包括陪审员、司法官员、法律官员和执法人员的关联人,而不包括证人的关联人。建议重新评估这一措辞,以便也向证人和鉴定人的亲属及其关系密切的人提供有效保护。 国家安全与司法部证人保护管理和受害者支持股是该方案的负责机关。保护措 施可包括提供新身份或转移。目前特殊证据规则不适用。然而,新的《证据 (特殊措施)法》已于 2012 年通过。该法一旦生效,视频或其他手段可用来获取证词。该法第 8(b)节规定,在管理中心作出决定之前,警察专员应提供保 护。 在审议之时,未提供资料说明获得该方案保护的人的数目。该法第 3(2)节规定,牙买加可与其他国家签订转移协定。 2012 年,《2010 年披露保护法》生效。第 16 节对保护免受职业损害作了规定, 第 17 节确定了一个前提,即在作出受保护披露之时发生的有害行为被认为是披露的后果,雇主证明相反的除外。防止雇员作出受保护披露的行为被定为犯罪。此外,第 24 节准许信息保密,并 将违反保密定为犯罪。
Jamaica’s Justice Protection Act, which entered into force in 2008, defines a witness as a “person who has given, is obliged to give or has agreed to give a statement or evidence or both”. Through section 9 (2) (a), a person “likely to be a witness” could also be included, which might be of relevance in early stages of investigation. Associates may also be considered as participants of the Justice Protection Programme. Those persons could be relatives. However, the formulation of section 9 (2), which regulates the application by DPP, is formulated in a way which seems to include only associates of jurors, judicial officers, legal officers and law enforcement officers, but not of witnesses. It is recommended to reassess the formulation to provide effective protection also to relatives and persons close to witnesses and experts. The Witness Protection Administration and Victim Support Unit of the Ministry of National Security and Justice is the responsible authority for the programme. Protective measures may encompass the establishment of a new identity or relocation. Currently no special evidentiary rules are applicable. However, a new Evidence (Special Measures) Act has been passed in 2012. Once it enters into force, video or other means can be used for testimony. Protection prior to the decision by the administrative centre, shall be provided by the Commissioner of Police according to section 8 (b) of the Act. No information on the number of persons which received protection under the programme was available at the time of the review. Jamaica may enter into relocation agreements with other States according to section 3 (2) of the Act. In 2012, the Protected Disclosures Act 2010 entered into force. Section 16 provides for protection against any occupational detriment and section 17 establishes the presumption that a detrimental action which happens about the time of the protected disclosure is presumed to be a consequence of the disclosure, unless the employer shows otherwise. The act of preventing an employee from making a protected disclosure is criminalized. Furthermore, section 24 grants confidentiality of information and criminalizes the break of confidentiality.