巴拿马法律制度推出了种种措施,允许冻结、扣押和没收得自本公约所涵犯罪 所得的财产、资产或工具以及收入或收益。这包括已经与从合法来源获得的资 产相混合的资产。被没收的资产在主管法院定案之前,仍归经济和财政部处 置。国家立法规定,只有在贩毒和资产非法增加的情况下,才撤销关于被指控的洗钱犯罪所得的举证责任。执行扣押和没收令,不得损害善意第三人的权利
The Panamanian legal system has measures in place to allow the freezing, seizure and confiscation of property, assets or instruments, and income or benefits obtained from the proceeds of the offences covered by the Convention. This includes assets that have been intermingled with those derived from a legitimate source. Confiscated assets remain at the disposal of the Ministry of the Economy and Finance until the case is decided by the competent court. National legislation provides for the reversal of the burden of proof regarding the lawful origin of the alleged proceeds of money-laundering offences only in cases of drug trafficking and illicit enrichment. Seizure and confiscation orders are executed without prejudice to the rights of bona fide third parties.