《刑法典》第 64 条规定,可以没收犯罪所得以及曾经或者可能一直在实施犯罪中使用的物品。没收必须以定罪为依据。巴林法律允许根据价值进行没收,但 没有明确规定可以扣押和没收犯罪所得所转化或转换的财产或者与犯罪所得相混合的财产,没收价值最高可达混合于其中的犯罪所得的估计价值。 关于洗钱,法律规定没收作为犯罪主体的钱或者被判刑者或其配偶或未成年子 女所拥有的与作为犯罪主体的钱等价的钱。不过,法律没有规定冻结、扣押和 没收源于犯罪所得的收入或其他资产。《刑事诉讼法典》第 89 至 103 条以及关于预防和禁止洗钱的《2001 年第 4 号立法法令》第 6 和 7 条规定了用于识别、跟踪、冻结和没收犯罪所得的各种调查 措施和手段。根据《刑事诉讼法典》第 99 条,高等刑事法院在发布没收资金的命令时,可以 指定一个人管理所没收的资金。不过,依赖于与《民法典》所规定的代理人有 关的一般性规定,在实际当中不适合复杂的财产管理(股票、公司等)。巴林立法没有监管对所没收资金的管理。 经初审法院法官授权,可要求查阅或扣押银行、财务或商业记录。关于财务披露的《2010 年第 32 号法案》第 6 条涉及与资产非法增加罪有关的举 证责任。 《刑事诉讼法典》和《洗钱法案》规定保护善意第三方的权利。
Article 64 of the Criminal Code provides for the possibility of confiscating the proceeds of crime and things that were or may have been used in the commission of an offence. Confiscation must be based on a conviction. Bahraini law allows confiscation on the basis of value. It does not explicitly provide for the possibility of seizure and confiscation of property into which the proceeds of crime have been transformed or converted or property that has been intermingled with the proceeds of crime up to the assessed value of the intermingled proceeds. With regard to money-laundering, the law provides for the confiscation of money that is the subject of the offence or any money owned by the convicted person or his or her spouse or minor children equal in value to the money that is the subject of the offence. However, the law does not provide for the freezing, seizure and confiscation of proceeds or other assets derived from the proceeds of crime. Articles 89 to 103 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and articles 6 and 7 of Legislative Decree No. 4 of 2001 on the prevention and prohibition of moneylaundering provide for a wide range of investigative measures and tools for the identification, tracing, freezing and confiscation of the proceeds of crime. Under article 99 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the High Criminal Court may, when it issues an order to seize funds, appoint a person to administer the seized funds. However, reliance on the general provisions relating to the agent as provided for in the Civil Code is in practice inadequate with respect to complex property management (stocks, companies, etc.). Bahraini legislation does not regulate the administration of confiscated funds. Access to or seizure of banking, financial or commercial records may be requested on the authorization of the judge of the court of first instance.Article 6 of Act No. 32 of 2010 on financial disclosure deals with the burden of proof with respect to the offence of illicit enrichment. The Code of Criminal Procedure and the Money-Laundering Act provide for protection of the rights of bona fide third parties.