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波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那第31条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-4 20:05:46 人气:11 评论:0

   有关冻结、扣押和没收的国内法律框架见于四部刑法的若干条款以及刑事诉讼法、《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那法院执法程序法》和《塞族共和国犯罪所得没收法》等其他法令。例如,《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑事诉讼法》第 73 条规定了临时 扣押财产和扣留财产,《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑法》第 74 条规定了罚没(没收),《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑法》第 110 条规定了没收物质收益的依据,《波 斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑法》第 110a 条扩大了没收范围。《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑法》第 111 条、《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦刑法》 第 115 条、《塞族共和国刑法》第 95 条和《布尔奇科特区刑法》第 115 条规定, 没收制度基于价值。 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦和布尔奇科特区的刑法规定法院负责保管扣押财产,而塞族共和国则专门设立了一个管理资产机构。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦修正案草案规定了设立一个没收资产管理机构。 法官可以下令要求银行提供金融信息。在某些情况下,检察官也可发出同样命 令,但须在 72 小时内获得法庭令状。法官也可下令暂停某项交易(临时扣押)。 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那并不登记个人银行账户,但会登记法人银行账户。目前,约有 50 家银行在该国经营。在实践中,检察官会向各家银行发送信函,一旦了 解到涉案人员在某家银行设有账户,他们便会申请法院命令。 并未实施逆向举证责任。然而,有关扩大没收范围的规定载列了一种不同的证 明标准(证明合理认定的充分证据)。 善意第三方的权利得到了以下条款的保护:《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那刑法》第 74 条、《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦刑法》第 78 条、《塞族共和国刑法》第 62 条 和《布尔奇科特区刑法》第 78 条。

       The domestic legal framework on freezing, seizing and confiscation can be found in a number of articles in the four criminal codes and other acts, such as the criminal procedure code, the Law on Enforcement Procedure before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Law on the Confiscation of Proceeds of Crime of Republika Srpska. Article 73 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, for instance, governs temporary seizure of property and arrest in property, article 74 of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina forfeiture (confiscation), article 110 of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina the basis of the confiscation of material gain, and article 110a of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina extended confiscation. The confiscation system is value-based, article 111 of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina; article 115 of the Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; article 95 of the Criminal Code of Republika Srpska and article 115 of the Criminal Code of Brčko District. Under the criminal codes of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Brčko District, the courts are responsible for the safekeeping of seized property, while in Republika Srpska an agency has been set up especially for asset management purposes. The draft amendment to the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains provisions on an agency for the management of confiscated assets.A judge can order a bank to provide financial information. In some cases, a prosecutor may order this as well, but within 72 hours a court warrant must be obtained. An order is also available for the temporary suspension of a transaction (temporary seizure). There is no register of bank accounts for individuals in Bosnia and Herzegovina, although there is one for legal persons. Currently, there are about 50 banks that operate in the country. In practice, prosecutors send letters to all banks, and once they know if the individual concerned has an account at a specific bank, they ask for a court order. The reversal of the burden of proof has not been implemented. However, the provision on extended confiscation contains a different standard of proof (sufficient evidence for reasonable belief). The rights of bona fide third parties are protected under article 74 of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, article 78 of the Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, article 62 of the Criminal Code of Republika Srpska and article 78 of the Criminal Code of Brčko District.

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