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斯洛文尼亚第30条

录入者:xyq 日期:2016-9-3 20:58:49 人气:7 评论:0

   斯洛文尼亚对所有腐败罪行实施剥夺自由的制裁,最长期限为 1 至 10 年不等,最短期限为 30 天至 1 年不等。《刑法典》中有量刑条款,以确保顾及这种犯罪 的严重性。案件判例表明在腐败案件中实施了严厉制裁。对斯洛文尼亚国民议会议员(《宪法》第 83 条)、国务院(《宪法》第 100 条) 以及作司法判决的法官(《宪法》第 134 条)赋予职能豁免权。国民议会可放弃 职能豁免权。该职能豁免权并不排除审前诉讼的启动,而仅不予起诉。 一般而言,在斯洛文尼亚,起诉是强制性的;但是《刑事诉讼法》第 161 条、 第 161(a)条和第 162 条允许检察官可例外自行斟酌决定不对以下情况提起诉讼: 极其轻微的案件;制裁期限不超过三年且可通过谈判解决的罪行(其中包含某 些腐败罪);以及被告人主动悔过(第 162 条)。此外,还规定可在一定限制条 件下进行辩诉交易。需要指出的是,在腐败案件中,通常适用强制起诉的规 定。 《刑事诉讼法》第 192 至 201 条规定了临时拘留和其他措施,确保被告出席刑 事诉讼程序。需要指出的是,通常采取最为温和的措施,同时考虑到有必要确 保被告出席。 《刑法典》第 88 条对早释或假释作了规定。 检察官和法官在受到刑事指控后可予以停职(《司法事务法》第 93 至 94 条,第 95 至 98 条),而对其他公职人员则无此类规定,也没有对公职人员予以撤职和 调职的规定。 作为附加制裁措施,斯洛文尼亚可禁止被定罪者从事其职业(《刑法典》第 69 至 71 条)。《公务员法》第 154 条规定,公务员一旦依法被判有罪,可终止其雇 佣合同。斯洛文尼亚每个部门都有纪律制度;刑事责任和纪律责任互相独立。根据《刑法典》第九章建立了被定罪者改造制度,其中涵盖了《反腐败公约》 中的各项罪行。

All corruption offences in Slovenia carry sanctions of deprivation of liberty, whose upper limits vary between 1 and 10 years and lower limits between 30 days and one year. In the Criminal Code there are sentencing provisions ensuring that the gravity of the offence is taken into account. Case practice shows that serious sanctions are enforced in corruption cases. Functional immunity exists for deputies of the National Assembly (art. 83 Constitution) and the National Council (art. 100 Constitution), as well as for judges in the context of their judicial decisions (art. 134 Constitution). It can be waived by the National Assembly. Such functional immunity does not exclude the initiation of pretrial proceedings, only the accusation. Generally, prosecution in Slovenia is mandatory; however, articles 161, 161 (a) and 162 of the Criminal Procedure Act (CPA) provide exceptional discretionary powers for prosecutors to decide to not prosecute in de minimis cases, in offences with sanctions up to three years, (which covers some corruption offences) in which a settlement can be negotiated, and in cases of active regret by the accused (art. 162). Further, plea bargaining is foreseen within certain limits. It was noted that in corruption cases normally the rule of mandatory prosecution is applied. Articles 192-201 CPA regulate provisional detention and other measures to ensure the presence of the accused at criminal proceedings. It was noted that generally the mildest measure is imposed, taking into account the necessity to ensure the presence of the accused. Early release or parole is regulated in article 88 CC.Prosecutors and judges can be suspended after a criminal accusation (art. 93-94, art. 95-98 Judicial Service Act), while no such provisions exist for other public officials, nor for removal and reassignment of public officials. As an accessary sanction, Slovenia can ban a convicted person from the performance of his/her profession (arts. 69-71 CC). Article 154 of the Civil Servants Act foresees that the contract of employment of a civil servant may be terminated if the civil servant is lawfully convicted of an offence. Slovenia has a disciplinary system for each sector; criminal and disciplinary responsibility are independent. A rehabilitation system for convicted offenders has been established, pursuant to chapter IX of the Criminal Code, which covers Convention against Corruption offences.

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