按照《公约》确立的所有犯罪都可处以剥夺自由最长 10 年的处罚;此外,还附 带与监禁期限相同的全面取消资格的处罚。 《政治宪法》(第 130、138、139、151、154 和 172 条)和《刑事诉讼法》(第 52、131、251 和 334 条)给予高级官员、国民议会议员和法官豁免权;应当指 出,公诉机关可在诉讼障碍仍然存在期间开展调查,豁免期间时效期暂停。 检控裁量权原则不适用于腐败罪——对此类犯罪必须进行调查和起诉。 关于刑事制裁的执行、益处和管辖权控制的《第 745 号法案》第 44 条规定,在 涉及腐败犯罪的大部分案件中,诉讼期间对被告保持监禁。 在服刑期超过三分之二或四分之三后,可予以假释和提前释放(《第 745 号法 案》第 16 条和《刑事诉讼法》第 404 条)。 可应一方当事人的请求,使公职人员暂停“行使其职务,如果其被指控的行为 是通过利用职务之便实施的”(《刑事诉讼法》第 167(1)(j)条);在实践中,该 官员还可调职。由于宪法的无罪推定原则(《宪法》第 34(1)条),不允许在进行 刑事诉讼期间“解雇”。 如果公职人员被定罪,《刑法》第 57 条规定了取消资格的处罚。多数腐败罪都 有这种处罚。 建立审计长办公室以及监督公共行政和审计国家财产及资源的制度的《第 681 号法案》第 82 条、关于公务员制度和公共行政职业的《第 476 号法案》第 47 条,以及关于公职人员廉正的《第 438 号法案》第 15 条规定,行政制裁和纪律 制裁无损于公职人员的民事或刑事责任。
All offences established in accordance with the Convention are punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to 10 years; in addition, an accessory penalty of general disqualification is imposed for the same period as the imprisonment penalty. The Political Constitution (arts. 130, 138, 139, 151, 154 and 172) and the Code of Criminal Procedure (arts. 52, 131, 251 and 334) grant immunity to senior officials, members of the National Assembly and judges; it should be noted that the Public Prosecution Service may initiate investigations while a procedural obstacle persists and that the statute of limitations period is suspended during the period of immunity.Article 44 of Act No. 745 on enforcement, benefits and jurisdictional control of criminal sanctions provides that, in the majority of cases involving corruption offences, defendants remain in custody for the duration of the proceedings. Parole and early release may be granted after two thirds to three quarters of the sentence have been served (art. 16 of Act No. 745 and art. 404 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). A public official may, at the request of a party, be suspended “in the performance of his or her duties if the act of which he or she is accused was committed by taking advantage of his or her position” (art. 167(1)(j) of the Code of Criminal Procedure); in practice the official may be reassigned. “Dismissal” during the conduct of criminal proceedings is not permissible by virtue of the constitutional principle of innocence (art. 34 (1) of the Constitution). If the public servant is found guilty, article 57 of the Criminal Code provides for the penalty of disqualification. Most corruption offences carry such a penalty. Article 82 of Act No. 681 establishing the Comptroller-General’s Office and the system for monitoring public administration and auditing State property and resources, article 47 of Act No. 476 on the civil service and careers in public administration, and article 15 of Act No. 438 on the integrity of public officials establish that administrative and disciplinary sanctions are without prejudice to the civil or criminal liability of public servants.